This is designed to support the development of web applications including web services, web resources, and web APIs. It provides a standard way to build and deploy web applications.

        Course Syllabus

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                                                                          Overview

Making a mobile App is no mystery in today’s time however making a successful mobile App is a process which involves quite an extensive pre-planning. There has been a meteoric rise in the App market in the past few years with millions of Apps. Mobile application development is the set of processes and procedures involved in inditing software for minute, wireless computing contrivances such as smartphones or tablets. These applications can be pre-installed on phones during manufacturing platforms, or distributed as web applications utilizing server-side or client-side processing (e.g. JavaScript) to provide an “application-like” experience within a Web browser. Application software developers additionally have to consider a lengthy array of screen sizes, hardware designations and configurations because of intense competition in mobile software and changes within each of the platforms. Mobile app development has been steadily growing, both in terms of revenues and jobs engendered. Mobile UIs, or front-ends, completely rely on mobile back-ends to fortify access to enterprise systems. The mobile back-end aids data routing, security, verification, sanction, working off-line, and accommodation interpretation. This services is backed by a blend of middleware components including mobile app servers, Mobile Backend as an accommodation (MBaaS), and SOA infrastructure. Mobile application development is identical to Web application development and has its roots in conventional software development. One critical difference, however, is that mobile applications (apps) are often indited categorically to capitalize on the unique features a particular mobile contrivance offers. For instance, a gaming app might be indited to capitalize on the iPhone’s accelerometer. Successful mobile app development requires more than just a compelling user interface. It also requires:

1. Testing
2. Integration
3. Security
4. Quality assurance
5. Ongoing management

8 phases of Mobile App Development Lifecycle

1. Phase 1: Pre-planning and researchThe first phase is the most important one because it is during this phase that you lay down the necessary ground work for what is to follow next. During this step it is very important to do substantial research and brainstorming before moving on to the next phase. You need to do the homework and have answers to questions like – What is the main aim of this App? Who is the target audience? Which platform should you target first? Is the App going to be free or paid? Once you have the answer to all these questions then you clearly know that how much time it will take for you to develop the App. Another thing which is a must in this phase is the analysis of the competition. Do a detailed study of your competitor’s App to see what features they are offering. Try to figure out the features which are absent in their App so that you can include it in your App, to make it stand out. Once you have all this information then the next thing which you need to do is to lay down the cost and the time for App development.
2. Phase 2: Mental PrototypingOnce you are done with the research and have laid down the costs involved then the next phase involves preparing a detailed scope of work. You need to do a mental prototyping of your App and draw your ideas in the form of sketches on a whiteboard. This will be the first visual representation of the ideas which you collected in Phase 1 and it will help you uncover usability issues. Another thing which needs to done in this phase is to take the feedback of relevant people to get a perspective of what they think about your idea. Discussing it with them will help you figure out the loopholes and allow you to look for a solution to tackle with them.
3. Phase 3: Assessment of Technical feasibilityHaving an understanding of the visuals is not enough because you need to analyse whether the back end systems will support the App’s functionality or not. To understand if the idea of your App is technically feasible you need to get access to public data by simply sourcing public APIs. You also need to determine which platform you are building your App for, first. Building an App shall have different requirements depending upon its platform (Android/iOS) as well as its format (tablet/smartphone).
4. Phase 4: Building a prototypeYou cannot define the touch experience until and unless you actually touch the App and see how it works and flows. In order for that to happen you must build a prototype and get the experience of the App into the users hand as soon as possible. This will help you see if things are going in the right direction. In this phase you can use rough and not exhaustive wireframes. Including the stakeholders in this process and allowing them to touch the prototype shall help you take their feedback and implement it into your work.
5. Phase 5: Designing and development of AppBefore moving to coding you must design your App. A User Experience designer can create the interaction architecture of the design elements while a User Interface designer can create the look and feel of your App. This in itself is a multi-step process and the end results is visual directions and blueprints which gives envision of the final product. It also informs you on how an interaction should feel, move and flow.
6. Phase 6: Building the App using Agile methodologiesOnce the design is ready then it is the time for you to build the App. Agile methodology is the best approach for mobile application development as it allows you to make changes, add new features and keep evolving with the changing trends.
7. Phase 7: Testing the mobile AppCongratulations on building your Mobile App. For Phase 7 you need to get some target users to help you test the App. UAT Testing: For user experience testing you need to put your App in the hands of the users which you are targeting and once it passes the UAT test you know that the solution which you are providing actually works. Beta Testing: Make your App available for the beta trial by allowing open participation of people to test it. The feedback from these beta users will help you determine if your App’s functions work well in the real world environment.
8. Phase 8: The launchOnce Phase 7 is successful, your App is complete and is ready to be submitted to the App stores for approval. However, this is not the end as every App requires regular updates and new features to be added to it during the mobile application development lifecycle. The development cycle begins once again as soon as the first version of the App is launched.

Software testing is an investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the product.Manual testing is a testing process that is carried out manually in order to find defects without the usage of tools or automation scripting. A test plan document is prepared that acts as a guide to the testing process in order to have the complete test coverage.

                                                                                              Overview

     Software testing is an activity to check whether the actual results match the expected results and to ensure that the software system is defect free. It involves execution of a software component or system component to evaluate one or more properties of interest.

     Why is Software Testing Important?

Testing is important because software bugs could be expensive or even dangerous. Software bugs can potentially cause monetary and human loss, history is full of such examples.

• In April 2015, Bloomberg terminal in London crashed due to software glitch affected more than 300,000 traders on financial markets. It forced the government to postpone a 3bn pound debt sale.
• Nissan cars have to recall over 1 million cars from the market due to software failure in the airbag sensory detectors. There has been reported two accident due to this software failure.
  Starbucks was forced to close about 60 percent of stores in the U.S and Canada due to software failure in its POS system. At one point store served coffee for free as they unable to process the transaction.
• Some of the Amazon’s third party retailers saw their product price is reduced to 1p due to a software glitch. They were left with heavy losses.
• Vulnerability in Window 10. This bug enables users to escape from security sandboxes through a flaw in the win32k system.
• In 2015 fighter plane F-35 fell victim to a software bug, making it unable to detect targets correctly.
• China Airlines Airbus A300 crashed due to a software bug on April 26, 1994, killing 264 innocent live
• In 1985, Canada's Therac-25 radiation therapy machine malfunctioned due to software bug and delivered lethal radiation doses to patients, leaving 3 people dead and critically injuring 3 others.
• In April of 1999, a software bug caused the failure of a $1.2 billion military satellite launch, the costliest accident in history
• In may of 1996, a software bug caused the bank accounts of 823 customers of a major U.S. bank to be credited with 920 million US dollars.
   

  SDLC: SDLC is Software Development Life Cycle. It is the sequence of activities carried out by Developers to design and develop high-quality software.

  Though SDLC uses the term ‘Development’, it does not involve just coding tasks done by developers but also incorporates the tasks contributed by testers and stakeholders.

  In SDLC, test cases are created.

• STLC: STLC is Software Testing Life Cycle. It consists of series of activities carried out by Testers methodologically to test your software product.

  Though STLC uses the term “testing” it does not involve just testers, at some instances, they have to involve developers as well.

 

 

Java is used to create standalone applications which may run on a single computer or in distributed network.

                                                                       Overview

What is Java Package

Java is a programming language and a platform.

Java is a high level, robust, secured and object-oriented programming language.

Platform: Any hardware or software environment in which a program runs, is known as a platform. Since Java has its own runtime environment (JRE) and API, it is called platform.

Java is

• Object Oriented In Java, everything is an Object. Java can be easily extended since it is based on the Object model.
• Platform Independent Unlike many other programming languages including C and C++, when Java is compiled, it is not compiled into platform specific machine, rather into platform independent byte code. This byte code is distributed over the web and interpreted by the Virtual Machine (JVM) on whichever platform it is being run on.
• Simple Java is designed to be easy to learn. If you understand the basic concept of OOP Java, it would be easy to master.
• Secure With Java's secure feature it enables to develop virus-free, tamper-free systems. Authentication techniques are based on public-key encryption.
• Architecture-neutral Java compiler generates an architecture-neutral object file format, which makes the compiled code executable on many processors, with the presence of Java runtime system.
• Portable Being architecture-neutral and having no implementation dependent aspects of the specification makes Java portable. Compiler in Java is written in ANSI C with a clean portability boundary, which is a POSIX subset.
• Robust Java makes an effort to eliminate error prone situations by emphasizing mainly on compile time error checking and runtime checking.
• Multithreaded With Java's multithreaded feature it is possible to write programs that can perform many tasks simultaneously. This design feature allows the developers to construct interactive applications that can run smoothly.
• Interpreted Java byte code is translated on the fly to native machine instructions and is not stored anywhere. The development process is more rapid and analytical since the linking is an incremental and light-weight process.
• High Performance With the use of Just-In-Time compilers, Java enables high performance.
• Distributed Java is designed for the distributed environment of the internet.
• Dynamic Java is considered to be more dynamic than C or C++ since it is designed to adapt to an evolving environment. Java programs can carry extensive amount of run-time information that can be used to verify and resolve accesses to objects on run-time. 
   
   
• Java Package

Package are used in Java, in-order to avoid name conflicts and to control access of class, interface and enumeration etc. A package can be defined as a group of similar types of classes, interface, enumeration and sub-package. Using package it becomes easier to locate the related classes.